saitford



Nov, 27, 1928, R. s. SANFORD VEHICLE BRAKE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 OriginalFild Aug. 15,- I

INVENTOR.

' d n f Qia/ 7" BY 4 n Z ou AToR i EYS. n"

R. S. SANFORD VEHICLE BRAKE original Filed Aug. 15, 1922 A 2Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

VMEYS.

Reissued Nov. 27, 1928.

,UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

:ROY S. SANFORD, OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESN'E ASSIGNMENTS,

TO BENDIX BRAKE COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A.

VEHICLE BRAKE.

CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

i REISSUED Original No. 1,668,338, dated May 1.. 1828, Serial No.581,945, led August 15, 1922'. Application for reissue med october 25,192s. serial No4 315,089.

This invention relates to vehicle brakes of the ty e whereof theopposite ends of the brake Band are-moved in yopposite ldirections ineffecting the braking action. y l An object of the invention is toproduce a brake of simple and eifective construction.

A very important object of the invention is to make provision forequalizing the friction in a vplurality of brakes between the l brakebands and the drums.

, Equalization of the braking pressure in a plurality of brakes has been'heretofore effected by various constructions, but it Will be understoodthat the mere equalization of such l braking pressure does not equalizethe braking action of the several'brakes. This could only occur withsuch constructions if the frictional surfaces werel uniform in theseveral 1 brakes, but this is almost an impossibility as one brake bandWill always tend to seize harder than another. The disproportion betweenthe amount of friction in the 'dierent brakes is liable to increase asthe brake bands wear.

To eiiect equalization of the braking action, 'T there is providedmechanism that operates When the friction is equal-in the differentbrakes to thrust the brake bands against the brake drums with the samedegree of pressure and that also operates when the fric'-l tion tends tobe unequal to effect as much l vure 1, portions of the far frame memberbe- 1 greaterpressure on the brake band exacting the less friction andas much less pressure on the band exerting the greater friction as Willsubstantially equalize the friction in the 'different brakesso that thebraking action of the tires upon the road Will be' as nearlyv alike aspossible. This. as will be clear, avoids the'v tendency to skidding.

Anotherv important feature of the invention relates to the use of means,such jas acable or other tension element, 'directly connected to asimple operatingv device for the brake friction means, preferably byextending the cable inside the brake drum and there connecting it to theoperating device. In one very desirable arrangement. a, flexibleBowden-type `conduit has its end secured to a stationary plate atthe-open side of the drum, and the cable extends through this conduitand beyond the end of the conduit intothe brake drum, Where it isconnected to a simple brake-operating device.

I also consider that my invention comprises, as a feature Which isbroadly new, the combination of a flexible tension element, for example'the above-described cable, with a brake-operating device which can shiftto allow one part of the friction device to anchor when the 'drumis-turning in one direction and al different part to anchor When thedrum' is turning in the other direction, thus increasing theeffectiveness of the, friction means Without complicating the operatingmechanism. Preferably the brake is adjusted to compensate for Wear, andthereby avoid undue movement from the one anchorage to the other, by anadjustable device atone end, and which is illustrated as transmittingthe braking torque to the brake anchor, and,v which may, according to myinvention, be adjusted without 'affecting either the anchorage or theoperating means.

Other features and objects of the invention, including )the novelstructure and arrangement of the operating means, and other newcombinations of parts and desirablerv particular constructions, will beapparent from the' following description' of the illustrativeembodimentsshown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan viewof a chassis provided with the invention. v

Figure 2 is a` longitudinal section of Fig- Figure 6 is an enlargedsectional detail of' the operatingcable, one of thesleeves therefor andthe sleeve-supporting bracket.

Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional elevation i -from the line indicatedby 7 7 Figure 3.

Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional detail on the.' line indicated by 8 8Figure 3.

Figure 9 '1S an enlarged fragmental sec-.

tional deeaiien 111ev une indicated bye- 9 Fig.

jure 5 the parts being shown in position. with the brake bandcontracted.

Figure lOvis an enlarged fragmental secics tional detail similar toFigure 9 showing the parts in position for expanding the brake band.

Figure 11 is an elevation, similar to Figure 3, of a modified form ofbrake embodying the invention. Y

Figure `12 is an enlarged sectional detailon the line indicated by 12-12Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a side elevation of a brakeoperating member of differentconstruction than shown in Figures 1 and 2, a fragment of the cableoperated thereby also being shown engaging the sleeve.

Referring first to the form of the invention illustrated in Figures 1 to10, inclusive, there is provided a brake drum 15 having an integral endplate or head 16 and a substantially cylindrical braking flange. Insideof the drum 15 is a hub 17 through which extends the stub shaft 71 ofthe steering knuckle 18. Bolts 19 pass through the hub 17 Athrough thehead 16 and through the hub of the vehicle wheel to secure the brakedrum to said wheel.

The steering knuckle 18 is provided with a flange 72 having itsperiphery concentric with the stub shaft 71 so that saidflange `can beturned olf in a lathe, the radius of said iiange being greater than thedistance from the axis of the 'shaft to the upper or lower end of theknuckle. v bolted a face plate 7 3V having a central orifice 74 andarranged at the open side of the brake drum. The; flange 72 is providedwith a shoulder 75 fitting the orifice 74 and said flange overlaps theinner face of the plate 73 adjacent the orifice 74.` Thus the fiange andplate are flush at their outer faces. The plate 73 is provided near itsperiphery with an inwardly projecting stud or anchor 20 and said plateis reinforced at this point by a plate 21. A shoulder 22 on the stud 20is seated against the inner face yof the plate 21.

The stud 2O constitutes a pivot for a novel cam 23 which Ais formed onone end of a lever 24. The cam 23 is recessed at 25 to fit part way.around the stud 20 4so that the cam will ivot on the stud. The upper camface 26 o the cam engages a block 27 which is provided with a threadedstud 28 adjustably engaging an ear` or fitting 29 that is secured to oneend of an interna-l brake band 30.

A turning the block 27 the same is adjust-ed toward" or from the ea-r 29for adjustably expanding or contracting the brake band relative to thedrum. It Will be observed that block constitutes an adjusting device forcompensating forv the wear of the brake without affecting either theanchoragecr the operating means of the brake; also, that the brakingtorque in one direction of rotation of the drum is vtransmitted throughthe adjusting device to the stud or anchor 20.

The' under cam face 31 of the cam rides upon an .ear or fitting 32 whichis secured To the flange 72. is-

to the other end of the brake band 30. The 'ear 32 is provided with arecessv 33 to aecommodate a portion of the stud 20 when the face 31 ofthe cam is inl full contact with a fiat face 34 of the ear 32.

To the inner face of the plate 73 are se'- cured eyes 36 to each ofwhich is secured one end of a spring 37. The other ends of the springs37 are fastened to eyes 38 on the inner face of the brake band. Thesesprings serve to normally hold the brake band spaced from the brake drumto prevent dragging of the brake band on said drum when the brake isoff. The eyes 36 are in the form of angular brackets and the legs 39 ofsaid brackets -extend parallel with the periphery of the brake drum andare provided with adjusting screws 40 bearing against the inner face ofthe brake band to limit contraction of said *band produced by thesprings 37. To the usual service pedal 4 5, said cables being pro.-

vided with turnbuckles 46 for adjustment purposes. The cables 44 areconnected to the brake operating member 45 on opposite sides of thefulcrum 47 of said member so that when said member is pushed forwardlyby the operator both cables 44 will be pulled to set each of the fourbrakes. The cables 44 are connected with the cables 41 by sleeves 48mounted on the cables 41. The cables 41 pass through flexible sleevessuch as Bowden-type conduits 49 and through brackets 50 which are 'fixedto suitable supports. In the instance" shown in the drawings the. 'frontbrackets 50 are fixed to the front axle51 and the rear brackets totheframe 42. The sleeves 49 are inserted at one end in the brackets l50,as clearly ,shown in Figure 6. At the ends adjacent the brakes, sleevesor conduits 49 pass adjacent the sWive-ling axes of the Wheels. wherethey are secured to back- -the cable ends of the levers 24, This 'causeseach cam 23 to move from the position shown site points of the camriding against the block 27 and the ear 32, respectively, so as to forcethe opposite ends of the brake band away from each other, thus expandingsaid band against the inner face of the brake drum in a, manner readilyunderstood.

As the cam 23 turns on the abutment 20 in applying the brake, when thevehicle is moving forward, the shape of the cam is such as to force thefitting 29 somewhat upwardly, but nevertheless this fitting' remainsanchored through cam 23 on abutment 20vt-hroughout the operation ofapplying the brake, whereas cam 23 pries the fitting 32 downwardly awayfrom abutment 2O until the brake' is fully applied. Thus there is in theforward direction no shifting of the anchorage during or after theapplication of the brake. In reverse, however, the drum friction shiftsthe entire brake assembly to bring fitting 32 back into anchoringengagement with abutment 20. When the brake is properly adjusted,however, this shifting is not great, and it takes place as soon as thefriction means engages the drum and before the brake is fully applied,and is therefore not noticeable in practice.

Let? it be assumed that the vehicle is traveling forwardly and that, inconsequence, the

brake drum in Figures 9 and 10 is traveling in the direction of thearrow a. In each brake the lever arm operating against the ear 32 islonger than that operating'against the block 27 and hence the tendencyis to move the ear 32 a greater distance than the block 27. Theresistance to expansion of the brake band is less at the ear 32 than atthe ear 29 since the rotation of the brake band is in the direction ofexpansion movement of the band toward said drum. The tendency is for thebrake drum to rotate the band in a direction to move the block 27 towardthe stud 20 to retract the lever It will now be seenthat if the degreeof friction between the brake band and the drum is greater in one of thebrakes than in any of the others the tendency to rotation of the bra-keband in the brake having the greater friction will be greater than ofthe brake band in the brake having the lesser friction and,

-consequently, that band having the greater friction on the drum willretract its associated lever 24 sufficiently to exert a pull on theadjacent end of the cable 41 in a directions opposite to andcounteracting the pull on the lmuch less pressure will be effected onthe band exerting the `greater friction as will substantially equalizethe friction between the, differy 'ent drums and their associated bands.

It is readily understood that the coefficient of friction between thefrictionally engaging .members l5, 30 does not depend solely Aupon inFigure 9 to that shown in Figure 10; oppo-"d-the materials of which saidmembers are conf structed butdepends somewhat upon the degree ofsmoothness of the friction surfaces l`and also upon the degree ofdryness of said the brake band and tends to rotate said band in adirection to hold the ear 32 against the stud 20 and to move the block27 away from said stud. The lever arm working against the block 27 islonger when the brake is set to oppose backing of the vehicle than whenthe vehicle is movlng forward. Even though this is the case, the drumsrotation tending to lock the band to the drum effects a powerful brakingaction-that is highly advantageous to prevent the vehicle'from rollingbackward down a grade when necessity demands that the vehicle 'stopwhile climbing the grade, and the longer lever arm enables the operatorto tighten the band by movement thereof only in the\\ direction ofrotation of the drum. A

A spring 52 serves to retract the lever'24. Mounted on the stud oranchor 20 isa retaining plate 53 pressed against the lever 24 by. a coilspring 54 surrounding the stud between said plateand a washer 55. Thewasher 55 is retained on the stud' by a cotter pin 56.

Now referring more particularly to the modified form of the inventionillustrated in Figures 11 and 12, the parts that correspond to thoseabove described will be indicated by the same reference characters withthe addition of a primemark. These parts are the brake. drum 15', plate.16', stud 20', reinforcing plate 21', shoulder 22', brake band 30',cable 41', flexible sleeve 49', spring 52', retaining plate 53', spring54', washer 55', cotter pin 56', and face plate 73' having an orifice74'.

The differentiating construction shown in Figures 11 and 12 is asfollows: Fulcruined on the stud 20' is a lever 57. To one end of thelever 57 are pivoted at 58 links 59 which in turn are pivoted at 60 toan e'ar 61 secured to one end of the brake band 30'.

Pivoted to the lever 57 at 62 is a link l63 carrying a threaded'l stud64 which engages a turnbuckle 65. The turnbuckle 6.5 also engages a'threaded stud 66 which is pivoted at 67 to an ear 68 secured tothe otherend of the brake band 30'. It is clear that by adjusting the turnbucklel the opposite ends of the brake band, may be moved toward or from izolv each other. The lever 57 is retracted by the spring 52.

Pivoted at 69 to the lever 57 is a clevis 7 0 secured to the cable 41passing through the flexible sleeve 49.

The operation of the modified form of the invention is similar to thatdescribed for the preferred form, for when the lever 57 is operated toexpand the brake band the tendency is for said brake band to' rotate in'the direction of the arrow b in Figure 11, thus tending to retract thelever 57.

l In thqe construction illusrated in Figure l a brake-pperating member45 is mounted on a fulcrum 47 and is provided with a sleeve 76 havingangularly disposed ends 77 turned in oppoite directions. The cablecorresponding with thecables 44 are joined into a single cable 44( whichis slidable in the sleeve 76 so that, with this modified construction,operation of the brake-operating member 45 will cause 'equalization ofthe friction in all four brakes, thus making it possible. to producemaximum braking effort for each wheel without danger ofskidding.

The vcombination of the cable with the forms of brake herein described,when employed on the front wheels, has the advantage of effecting equalbraking friction for said wheels re ardless of the fact that said wheelsare dirig ly mounted for 'steering `of the vehicle. f

At this point it may be noted that the sleeves 48 are friction tight onthe cables 41 and may be adjusted by force to any desired position onsaid cables. Thus it is possible to v change the relative leverage orpull of the Sables 41 upon the levers 24 so that, if there is too greata difference in the friction components in the brakes on opposite sidesof the vehicle for effective equalization with the cables 44 pulling onthe centers of-the cables 41, ad-

justment of the sleeves 48 to either side of said center ma be made toeffect greater leverage on the lirake band having the poorer frictionsurface and to effect less leverage on the brake band having the betterfriction. surface.

The construction hereinbefore described for holding the brake bandretracted from the drum has this advantage over prior constructionsemployed for this purpose, that the springs 37 pull the brake bandinwardly not only but also hold the band tightly against the inner faceof thel face plate 73, thus to eX- ,fludc dirt and water from theinterior of the drum. The springs' 37 connectY the plate 7 3 near itsperiphery with points on the @band that are adjacent the edge of thebandfarthest from saidf'acelplate. Thus the pull of the springstoward theface plate is more direct than itis toward the axis of thedrum, al-

` most the entire available tension of -the springs 37 acting to holdthe band'in cont-act with the face plate.

It shou ld be especially noted that the simple operating mechanismdescribed permits the cable 41 or its'equivalent to Vbe connecteddirectly to a novel shiftable operating device at the brake, whichpermits tht-#shifting of band 30 or equivalent friction means so that itmay anchor at 'one end when the drum is turning in one direction and atthe other endI when the drum is turning in the other direction, thusbeing at all times fully efsaid retarding means, said'power applying 90means including mechanism operating to distribute the applied powerbetween said retarding means proportional to the amounts of fritcionalresistance between the rotary members and the retarding means to securesubstantially equal retardation of said rotary members, together wth adevice for adjusting the retarding means to compensate for wear withoutaffecting the operation of said mechanism.

2. The combination with two rotary members, of frictional braking meansfor eaclr member, and a common means for applying power to saidbrakingmeans, said power-applying means including mechanism operating todistribute the applied power between said retarding means proportionalto the amounts of frictional vresistance between the rotary members andthe retarding means to effect equal amounts of friction in both brakingmeans, l together with a device for adjusting the retarding means tocompensate for wear without affecting the operation of said mechamsm.

tively moving members, of means. retarding the relative movement betweenthey members .of each pair, and a common means applying power to theretarding means of both pairs of 3. The combination with two pairs ofrela- 1.15

members,A said power applying means including mechanism operatingautomatically for transmitting the applied power to the retard- L l ingmeans to secure substantially equal Ietardatlonof the relative movementbetween the members of the vtwo pairs, together with a fixed part towhich the torque of the retarding means is transmitted through thepowerapplying means. 1

4. The combination with a pair of brake drums and a floating band foreach drum, of' 130 pivotally mounted levers connected on opposite sidesof their pivotal axes with the opposite ends of the brake bands, meansconnecting the levers, and means to operate the connecting meansincluding a driver-operated member, said operating means permitting ofmovement of the connecting means by the levers without moving the saidmember, together with a `fixed part adjacent each drum to which thebraking torque is transmitted in either 'direction of rotation of saiddrum.

5. In a vehicle brake, the combination of a rotatable drum, a floatingband to engage the drum, means .to yieldingly hold`theband lretracted,and lmeansincliiding a flexible tension element extending into the drinnand which means is operatable when the drum is rotating in one directionpositively to hold one end of the band anchored throughout the operationof applying the brake andto move the other end in a directioncorresponding to said direction ofi'otation of the drum.

6. In a vehicle brake, the combination of a inner face of the drum,means to yieldinglyA hold the band contracted, and means including aflexible tension element extending into the drum and which means isoperatable when the drum is lrotating in one direction positively tohold one end of the band anchored throughout the operation of applyingthe brake and to move the other end away fromv the stationary end in adirection corresponding to said direction of rotation of the drum. 7 Ina vehicle brake, the combination'of a drum, a face plate ofless diameterthan the drum, a brake band inside ofthe drum, means yieldingly holdingthe band against the face plate,and means to expand the brake band.

8. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, a fixed anchor member atone side of the drum, a floating expansible friction bandl like devicehaving separable v'ends between which the anchor member is arranged andwhich is arranged to anchor at one end on said member when the drum isturning in one direct-ion and to anchor at the other end on said memberwhen the drum is turning in the otlier'direction, a floating applyingdevice for forcing said ends apart to apply the brake,

and an adjustable thrust member rigidly 'mounted on and adjustably fixedat one end of the friction device rand engaging the applying device andthrough which the braking torque is transmitted to the anchor member inone direction of drum rotation and `which 'can be adjusted to compensatefor wear of the friction device without affecting the anchorage or theapplying device.

9. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, a fixed anchor member atone side of the drum, a floating expansible friction bandlike devicehaving separable ends between which the anchor member is arranged, afloating applying device for forcing said ends apart to apply thebrake,andan adjustable thrust member rigidly mounted on and adjust-ably fixedat one end of the friction de-` drum, a fixed anchorage, and a floatingfriction device anchoring thereon in one direci t1on of drum rotationand having a part rigidly mounted thereon and which is adjustable tocompensate for Wear and which trans- .inits the torque to said anchoragein the other direction yof drinn rotation and which includes adjustingmeans for expanding the friction -device to adjust the effective circumfferential length, 'and applying means acting at least in part on theadjusting means so that the applying means is not affected by the adjustment.

11. A brakecomprising, in combination, a 4

drum, a fixed anchorage, a floating friction device having differentparts anchoring thereon in opposite directions of drum rotation andwhich Aincludes adjusting. means rigidly mounted on and carried by thefriction device for expanding the friction device to compensate forwear, and applying means acting at least in part on the adjusting meansso that the applying means is not affected by the adjustment.

12. A brake comprising, in combination with a drum, floating frictionmeans having one part which anchors when the drum is turning in onedirection and a different part which anchors when the "drum is turningin the other direction, at least one of said parts being adjustable tocompensate for Wear of the friction means, and both of said parts bcingrigid with and carried by said floating friction means. n

13. A brake comprising, in combination With a drum, floating frictionmeans having one part which anchorswhen the driim is turning in onedirection and a dierent part which anchors when the drum is turning inthe other direction, at least one of said parts being adjustable tocompensate for wear of the friction means, and both of said parts beingrigid with and carried by said floating friction means, together withbrake-applying means-acting on said two parts of the friction. means.

14. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, floating friction meansWithin the drum and anchoring at one end when the drinn is turning inone direction and at the other end when the drum is turning in the otherdirection, applying means Wholly Within the drum and acting on said endsand sliiftable to allow the anchorage on either of said ends, and aflexible tension element directly connectedto said applying means andpermitting the shifting of the app-l ing means and co-operating with theends o the friction means to form the sole support for the applyingmeans.

15. A brake comprising, in` combination, a

drum, floating friction means -within the drum and having one part whichanchors when the drum is turning in one direction and havinga differentpart which anchors when the drum is turning in the other direction,applying means wholly within the drum and acting on said friction meansand shiftable Vto allow the anchorage on either of said'parts, and aflexible tension element directly connected to said.; applying means andpermitting the shifting of' the applying means and reacted onby therotational tendency of the friction means.

16. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, a support at the openside of the drum, friction means housed within the drum and between the'drum and support and having one art which anchors when the drum isturning in one direction and a different part which anchorswhen the drumis turning in the other direction, applying means within the drum andshiftable to allow either of said parts to anchor, and a fiexibletension element extending through the support into the drum and thereconnected'to said applying means and co-operating with the ends of thefriction means to form the sole support for the applying means.

17. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, a support at the openside of the drum, friction means housed within the drum and l betweenthe drum and support, floating applying means wholly within the drum anda iexible tension element extending through the support into the drumand there connected to said applying means and co-operating with theends vof the friction means to forml the sole supportfor the applyingmeans.

18. A brake comprising, in combination, a drinn, a support at the openside of the drum, friction means housed within the drum and between thedrum and support and having one part which anchors when the drum isturning in one direction and a different part which anchors when thedrum is turning in the other direction, applying means within the drumand shiftable to allow either of said parts to anchor, a flexibleconduit iixedly secured `at its end to the support, and a flexibledevice extending through the conduit and inside of the drum beyond theconduit and there connected to said applying means.

19. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum,'a sup vrt at the openside of the drum, friction me ns housed within the drum and between thedrum and support, applying means within the drum, a fiexible'condnitixedly secured at its end to the support, and

a flexible device extending throughtheconduit and inside of the drumbeyond thecon duit and there connected to said, applying means.

20. A brake for a swiveled Wheel comprising, in combination, a drumrotating and swiveling with the Wheel, a support at the open side of thedrum swiveling but not rotating with the wheel, friction means actingport at `the open side of the drum, friction means acting on said drumand arranged within the drum, a'flexible conduit secured to the supportat one end to said frame at the other end, and a flexible operatingelement extending` through the conduit into the interior of the drum andarranged to operate the friction means.

22. A brake comp ising, in combination, a drum, friction mean housedwithin and expansible against the drum, an applying'device within thedrum for expanding the friction means vand. which can shift'bodily,and aiiexible tension element extending through the open side of the druminto the interior of .the drum and there connected to said'applyingdevice. f

23. A brakel comprising, in combination, a fixed member, friction meanshaving sepa'- rable ends and a fioating applying device recessed at oneside to fit over said fixed member when shifted in one direction andarranged to lact on said ends, said device being unrestrained by saidmember when shifted in the opposite direction.

drian. a fixed member, friction means having separable ends and anapplying device recessedto fit oversaid fixed member and disconnectedlyengaging said ends, one of said ends anchoring through the applyingdevice when the drum is turning in one direction and the other of saidends anchoring on the fixed member when the drumfis turning in the otherdirection.

25. A brake comprising, in combination, friction means having separableends, a fixed support arranged to take the torque of the friction means,and a floating rigid lever member directly engaging said ends andoperable to pry .them apart to apply the brake and whichd is capableofshifting bodily with respect to said support. i

26. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, friction means withinthe drum having' separable ends, a fixed support arranged to take thetorque of the friction means, and

a rigid lever member having parts engaging" said ends and an operatinglever portion extending inwardly of the cli-nin and which is operable torock said parts in opposite directions to apply the brake, and which iscapable of shifting bodily with respect to said support.

27.- A brake member adapted for co-operation with a drum comprising aioating fullcircumferential internal band having a plurality of thrustmembers rigid therewith, in ,combination with a drum and an anchoragemember taking the torque from one of the thrust members when the drum isturning in one direction and from the other thrust member when the drumis turning in the other direction, at least one of s'aid members beingadjustable to compensate for wear of lthe brake member.

28. A brake member adapted for co-operation with the drum comprising afloating full-circumferential internal band having at its opposite endsthrust members rigid therewith, in combination with a drum and ananchorage member taking' the torque from one of the thrust members whenthe drum is turning in one direction and from the other thrust memberwhen the drum is turning in the other direction, at least one of saidmembers being adjustable to compensate for wear of the brake member.

29. A brake comprising, in combination, a drum, a floating frictiondevice within the drum anchoring at one end when the drum is turned inone direction and anchored at the other end when the drum is turned inthe other direction, at least one of said ends including an anchoringpart rigidly mounted on the floating friction device and adjustable in adirection increasing the effective length of the friction device, andmeans for applying the friction device' to the drum such that in` atleast one direction of rotation of the drum the correspondingend of thefriction device is definitely maintained anchored thrpughout theoperation of applying the bra ze.

30. A brake comprising, in combination` a drum, a floating frictiondevice within the drum anchoring at one end when the drum is turned inone directiomand anchored at the other end when the drum is turned inthe other direction, at least one of said ends including an anchoringpart rigidly mounted on the floating friction device and adjustable in adirection increasing the effective length of the friction device, andmeans for applying ,the friction device to the drum such that in onedirection of rotation of the drum friction shifts the anchorage to theother' of said ends.

31. A brake comprising, in combination., a

rotatable drum, a floating flexible friction band arranged within thedrum having a thrust member rigidly but adj ustably mounted at one .endand having a thrust` member rigidly and non-adjustably mounted at-theother end, a fixed anchor between said ends and taking the torque fromone of the thrust members when Vthe drum is turning in one direction andfrom the other of the thrust members when the drum is turning in theother direction, a floating applying device within the druml acting toforce said thrust members apart to apply the brake, and a flexibletension element extending within the drumand operatively connected tothe floating applying device within the drum.

32. A brake comprising, in combination, a rotatable drum, a floatingflexible friction band arranged within the drum having a thrust memberrigidly but adj ustably mounted thereon at one point and having a thrustmember rigidly and non-adjustably mounted thereon at the other end, afixed anchor between said thrust members `and taking the torque from oneof the thrust members when the drum is turning in one direction and fromthe other of the thrust members when the drum is turning in the otherdirection, a floating applying device within the drum acting to applythe brake, and a flexible tension element extending withinthe drum andoperatively connected to the floating applying device within the drum.

33. `A brake comprising, in combination, a rotatable drum, a floatingflexible friction band arranged within the drum having a thrust memberadjustably ymounted thereon at one point and having a thrust membernon-adjustably' mounted thereon at another point, a fixed anchor betweensaid thrust members and taking the torque from one of the thrust memberswhen the drum is turning in one direction and from the other of thethrust members when the drum is turning in the other direction, afloating applying device within the drum acting to apply the brake, anda flexible tension element extending within the'drum and operativelyconnected to the floating applying device within the drum.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name. i

' RoY s. SANFORD.

